Overcoming screen inferiority in learning and calibration

Unprompted first texts under a 7-min limit: screen readers scored lower and were more overconfident than paper readers (Exp 1, pair 1).

Delayed keyword generation removed the screen gap in scores and overconfidence from the first texts (Exp 2); brief practice removed the overconfidence difference (Exp 1); gap persisted for paper-preferring screen readers. C3 weakened 2026-10-05.