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The Effects of Acute Stress on Episodic Memory: A Meta-Analysis and Integrative Review

Shields et al. 2017 · review pooling many studies (meta-analysis) · touches 1 claim · used in 1 attack · used in 1 correction to our notes

Which beliefs it touches

C26 Stress at the test backs it up
Full text: retrieval stress g = −.215 (31 studies, N = 1,410).
C26 Stress at the test sets a limit on it
Weakened C26 2026-11-04: exclusion of hormonal-contraceptive users the only significant moderator of retrieval effects (t(8.1) = −3.44, p = .009); excluded g+ = −.294 (p < .001), not excluded g+ = .101 (p = .302, negligible). Consistent with Marr et al. 2021 registered-report null (about half the women on contraceptives).