Enhancing and undermining intrinsic motivation: The effects of task-involving and ego-involving evaluation on interest and performance
Butler 1988 · randomised trial · touches 1 claim
Read the study itself (doi.org) ↗
Which beliefs it touches
- C4 Task feedback vs praise backs it up
Grades 5–6, 12 classes randomised: comments gave the highest interest and performance, including at a later session without expected evaluation; grades and grades-plus-comments undermined both (abstract). Classic basis for C4; small cluster design.