The Magnitude of the Testing Effect Is Independent of Retrieval Practice Performance

Which beliefs it touches

• C1 What counts as learned sets a limit on it

  TE (vs no-test) experimentally independent of practice success with/without feedback; rejected as C1 kill-condition attack 2026-09-30 (no restudy arm).

• C0 Retrieval beats restudy pushes against it

  Queued: bears on whether TE size requires high practice success; control is no-test not restudy; not applied as C0 attack.