Enhancing School Students’ Self-Regulated Learning through Generative AI Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Which beliefs it touches

• C5 Step-based tutoring backs it up

  Grades 7–9 preregistered RCT (Germany): GPT-4o with Socratic strategy prompts or utility-value prompts did not raise tested domain knowledge over a plain answer-withholding chatbot across four lessons (χ²(1) = 1.28, p = .257); consistent with C5's bound that LLM tutors have not been shown to reach step-based tutoring levels. Short, immediate test, no non-AI control.