Don't Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer's (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies

Preregistered direct replication (university students, same instructions): conceptual quiz scores did not differ, g = −0.13 favouring laptop, equivalent to zero; laptop notes longer and more verbatim. C7 weakened 2026-10-07 (robustness bound).