Claim	Basis
C25	Meta-analysis of 562 studies: test anxiety goes with poorer test performance; reducing it through treatment is consistently accompanied by better test scores and GPA. Pooled r not in the abstract; abstract only.

Claim

Basis

Meta-analysis of 562 studies: test anxiety goes with poorer test performance; reducing it through treatment is consistently accompanied by better test scores and GPA. Pooled r not in the abstract; abstract only.

Source note

Syntes: Hembree (1988) — the founding meta-analysis of test anxiety, 562 studies

Källa: Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety. Review of Educational Research 58(1), 47–77. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543058001047

Verified content

[abstract] Integrates 562 studies of academic test anxiety.
[abstract] States that test anxiety causes poor performance and relates inversely to self-esteem.
[abstract] Ability, gender and grade level go with different anxiety levels.
[abstract] Treatments reduce test anxiety, and test performance and GPA consistently improve with that reduction.

Limits

[assessment] Abstract only; the pooled correlations are not in the abstract, so none are quoted. 1988 methods (Glass effect sizes). The causal claim rests mainly on the treatment studies; C25 itself only claims an association.

Why it is in the library

The classic source C25 descends from, and the one that adds a causal angle: when anxiety is treated, scores rise. Useful for a later candidate on anxiety treatment.

Added 2026-11-01 by the project (weekly source sweep, kind: old; read: abstract). [abstract] = from the published abstract; [full text] = read in the full text; [assessment] = the project's own assessment.

Metadata as recorded

EMO-006

Tier

Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety