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Aantekeningen maken met pen of laptop (note-taking with pen or laptop)
Engelen et al. 2025 · natural experiment (no random assignment) · touches 1 claim
Read the study itself (doi.org) ↗
Which beliefs it touches
- C7 Handwritten notes sets a limit on it
Dutch upper-secondary classes (303 pupils, class-level assignment): small pen advantage on an immediate test for a descriptive lecture only, gone a week later. Thin design and no conceptual split; looked at and not emitted as a C7 attack (nightly 2026-10-15).