ChatGPT as a cognitive crutch: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial on knowledge retention
Barcaui 2025 · randomised trial · touches 1 claim · used in 1 attack
Read the study itself (doi.org) ↗
Which beliefs it touches
- C2 Answer-giving AI in practice backs it up
HE RCT: unrestricted ChatGPT study aid → lower Day-45 surprise retention vs traditional (d = 0.68); learning measured without the tool.
Attacks that used it
- C2 attack #2, 27 September 2026: survived