Candidates (not approved)

K03: Taking notes by hand gives better conceptual, closed-book learning than typing, when the note-taking instructions are the same. (7 link(s))

K10: In the early school years, writing instruction that includes explicit handwriting/fluency training gives better composition than instruction without it. (4 link(s))

K24: Paraphrasing notes by hand gives an encoding advantage over typed verbatim notes. (1 link(s))

Source	Tier	Links
HAND-001 · The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking (2014 (corrigendum 2018; data OSF))	RCT	K24 supports
HAND-002 · How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) (2019)	RCT	K03 challenges
HAND-003 · Typed Versus Handwritten Lecture Notes and College Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis (2024)	meta	K03 supports
HAND-004 · The Importance of Cursive Handwriting Over Typewriting for Learning in the Classroom: A High-Density EEG Study of 12-Year-Old Children and Young Adults (2020)	RCT	K03 limits
HAND-005 · Comparison of Pen and Keyboard Transcription Modes in Children with and without Learning Disabilities (2009)	quasi/DiD	K03 limits
HAND-006 · The effects of handwriting experience on functional brain development in pre-literate children (2012)	RCT	K03 limits
HAND-007 · The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children: A comparison between handwriting and typing (2005)	RCT	K03 limits
HAND-008 · Taking Class Notes by Hand Compared to Typing: Effects on Children’s Recall and Understanding (2021 (online 2020))	RCT	K03 supports
WRITE-001 · A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Handwriting Instruction (2016)	meta	K10 supports
WRITE-003 · Promoting Handwriting Fluency for Preschool and Elementary-Age Students: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis of Research From 2000 to 2020 (2022)	meta	K10 supports
WRITE-004 · Främja skrivkunskaper i de allra tidigaste skolåren (2024)	myndighet	K10 supports
WRITE-005 · The impact of digital devices vs. Pen(cil) and paper on primary school students' writing skills – A research review (2016)	position	K10 supports

Source

Tier

Links

HAND-001 · The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking (2014 (corrigendum 2018; data OSF))

RCT

K24 supports

HAND-002 · How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) (2019)

RCT

K03 challenges

HAND-003 · Typed Versus Handwritten Lecture Notes and College Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis (2024)

Tema: Penna vs tangentbord

Evidens om handskrift/longhand jämfört med tangentbord för anteckningar, minne, tidig skrivutveckling och lärande. Prioritet: K–12 handwriting instruction, Berninger/Graham-linjer, EEG/fMRI, HE-note-taking.

Pen vs keyboard

Claims

Candidates (not approved)

Sources

Tema: Penna vs tangentbord